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Radicalism (from
French radical) was a
political movement representing the leftward flank of
liberalism during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and a precursor to
social liberalism,
social democracy,
civil libertarianism, and modern
progressivism. This ideology is commonly referred to as "radicalism" but is sometimes referred to as
radical liberalism, or
classical radicalism, to distinguish it from
radical politics. Its earliest beginnings are to be found during the
English Civil War with the
Levellers and later the
Radical Whigs. During the 19th century in the United Kingdom, continental Europe and Latin America, the term
radical came to denote a progressive liberal ideology inspired by the
French Revolution. Radicalism grew prominent during the 1830s in the United Kingdom with the
Chartists and in Belgium with the
Revolution of 1830, then across Europe in the 1840s–1850s during the
Revolutions of 1848. In contrast to the
social conservatism of existing liberal politics, radicalism sought political support for a radical
reform of the
electoral system to widen
suffrage. It was also associated with a variety of ideologies and policies, such as liberalism,
left-wing politics,
republicanism,
modernism,
secular humanism,
antimilitarism,
civic nationalism, abolition of titles,
rationalism,
secularism, redistribution of
property and
freedom of the press.
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