The original of this world map was likely drawn in the 12th century CE by an anonymous and likely Egyptian scholar for the Kitab Ghara’ib al-funun wa-mulah al-’uyun (Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes), and the earliest-known version of it is this 13th-century CE copy. ...
“Using a gentle two-finger pinch, Emilie Savage-Smith turns a page of an 800-year-old manuscript on display at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England. She leans forward and pauses, carefully reviewing each illustration. ’This entire treatise is one of the universe,’ says Savage-Smith, professor of the history of Islamic science at the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Oxford, describing the Book of Curiosities, a 13th-century compendium of Islamic maps. ...”
The earliest Islamic maps of the Mediterranean were drawn in the late 10th century ce by geographer and cartographer Ibn Hawqal in his Kitab surat al-ard (Book of a picture of the earth). ...
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